I laugh too at the absurd being sold off as do-able, "give me ur monies."
So the fusion experiment, which started a fusion reaction for a billionth of a second required "500 times the entire energy output of the United States of America at any given moment" to initiate.
Does anyone have an idea how much energy is required to initiate a sustainable fusion reaction?
what'd he invest that money into?
which one
cuz if it's tokamak, it was wasted
It's the one where they invent this crazy new kind of money that NEVER SLEEPS LOOK OUT!which terrible movie?
and noprobably not
Can someone find a video montage of all the failed rocket launches before Sputnik and Explorer 1 were put into orbit? I'd say it's the best response to give to arsin.
PB11. The weight of the boron is rather inconsequential, and the neutron flux is much smaller, meaning much less shielding, which is consequential weight. Of other interest are the He3 reactions, which would allow easier scavenging of fuel. Not sure how much boron is out there, but we know that there's a fair amount of He3. D+T could be scavenged, but again, we also need to look at the neutrons
Aside from the neutron issue, P-B11 fuel has the advantage that practically all of the fusion energy produced is carried by charged particles, which allows for direct energy conversion at high efficiencies (~80%). D-T and D-D reactions also produce charged particles, but onlly ~ 50% of the energy is in this form. The rest is in neutrons. Also, the charged particles from these reactions have a wider range of kinetic energy- increasing the difficulty of direct conversion. The energy in the neutrons not only cause more radiation concerns for the crew, they damage structures, and produce more waste heat (per unit of usefull power obtained). Waste heat is a major concern for a spacecraft. At least some of the heat energy deposited from the neutrons can be recovered through thermocouples, or a heat engine (steam or sterling type engine), but these are far less efficient (more waste heat) than direct conversion.
As a hypothetical comparison. A P-B11 reactor might produce 1.2 GW raw power, and deliver 1 GW usefull power. A D-D reactor would need to produce ~ 2 GW of raw power to deliver the same amount of usefull power. That means the P-B11 reactor can be half the relative size (help to offset the increased difficulty of fusing P-B11) and ~800MW less waste heat would need to be handled. In some regards the D-H3 reaction would be superior to P-B11 (more energy per reaction, easier to fuse, perhaps easier direct conversion, neutron load is much worse than P-B11 but much better than D-D or D-T) except that the difficulty and cost of obtaining He3 is daunting.
Criticism is key to quality. Indeed, Rider’s criticisms may have been the best thing for Polywell research. Thanks to him, we already know many of the Polywells’ flaws. If we are smart, we can plan around these issues, save time and money, and increase our chances of success. We will also have the benefit of hindsight. For example, WB-3 had square magnets, something we now recognize as an obvious mistake. We are now on our eighth redesign of the Polywell concept. We have the benefit of over 18 years of research and experience already invested in Polywells to learn from. Even more broadly, we have more than 50 years of fusion’s successes and failures to draw on. For example despite the hopes of Livermore scientists, the TMX mirror machine was not a power producing reactor. But it did lead to the particle loss equation. A key equation describing particles lost while electrostatically and magnetically confined [13-15]. That equation, combined with Bussards’ ring spacing work and Whiffle ball concept could be powerful, potent design information, knowledge that we did not have before
i've heard the testing was perhaps 6 months behind schedule due to building the wb-8Polywell Update 1 May 2011
Finally there is some news about Polywell Fusion progress. From recovery.gov here is the essential news.
Projects and Jobs Information
Project Title Federal Contract
Project Status More than 50% Completed
Final Project Report Submitted No
Project Activities Description Other Scientific and Technical Consulting Services
Quarterly Activities/Project Description As of 1Q/2011, the WB-8 device operates as designed and it is generating positive results. EMC2 is planning to conduct comprehensive experiments on WB-8 in the next 9-12 months based on the current contract funding schedule.
Jobs Created 11.00
Description of Jobs Created two full time plasma physicists. one full time equivalent electrical engineer.
So figure another year before the final report. In the mean time testing is ongoing.
Latest report from EMC2 is that the WB8 polywell fusion reactor is running as designed, and generating positive results. They are running a bit behind schedule due to some procurement issues, apparently related to sensors, but are getting positive results already and intend to continue experiments on WB8 for the next 9-12 months. This is very very good news.